As migrant spouses’ education increases from high school to some college or above, the increase in their likelihood of hukou locality intermarriage is similar between Shanghai and Shenzhen. When migrant spouses’ education changes from high school to some college or above, their odds of hukou locality intermarriage increase by 159% and 110% in Shanghai and Shenzhen, respectively, and the difference between Shanghai and Shenzhen is not statistically significant (Shanghai: ? = 0.95, exp(?) = 2.59,p < 0.001;> 0.05). In contrast, as migrant spouses’ education changes from less than high school to high school, their odds of intermarriage increase significantly in Shenzhen (? = 0.02 + 1.81 = 1.83,p < 0.001)> 0.05), and the difference is highly significant (dif.: ? = 1.81,p < 0.001).
That it relationship is especially strong from inside the Shenzhen
Total, as well as supporting proof of an effective dyadic change, especially in Shenzhen, we as well as discover supportive research having sector replace, as the migrants are more likely to marry a community companion (i.e., in order to create hukou intermarriage) since their degree expands. The outcome strongly recommend a top odds of hukou area-training change to own low-college-educated migrants in Shenzhen than in Shanghai, however, a similar odds of hukou locality-studies change on these two locations to own university-educated migrants, hence supports Theory step 3 the all the way down odds of hukou area-knowledge change when you look at the Shanghai, compared to Shenzhen, keeps having non-college-knowledgeable migrants although not to have university-experienced migrants.
Considering Model 5 regarding Desk dos and you will Profile 2 , regional spouses’ knowledge isn’t of its diary-likelihood of hukou area intermarriage, and therefore relationship doesn’t differ between them towns and cities
Up to now, we have felt simply intermarriage anywhere between locals and you may migrants, in the place of pinpointing between a couple of hukou systems. In our decide to try, natives is actually mostly urban hukou proprietors whereas migrants generally hold outlying hukou both in towns. Particularly, inside Shanghai, regarding the 85% away from neighbors but only about 20% of migrants possess urban hukou. Inside the Shenzhen, the neighbors keep urban hukou, however, only about 35% off migrants was urban hukou owners. The latest medical differences off hukou form of between locals and migrants suggests a chances of hukou style of exchange inside inter-hukou-area ine whether or not hukou style of affects all of our results.
Very first, loverwhirl mobiili i take a look at the newest shipments out of hukou method of certainly one of intermarriages out-of hukou area. Since the shown into the Shape A1, more than 50 % of the brand new people where a couple of partners disagree in hukou area setting homogamy with respect to hukou form of. It is in line with earlier results that most Chinese age hukou form of (Li & Lu, 2008; Wang & The guy, 2014). An effective gender asymmetric trend out of hukou interong lovers related to an excellent migrant husband and you can a local partner, only 11% try rural-husband-urban-spouse couples while 86% are urban-husband-urban-wife people. Having said that, among lovers where in fact the partner try an effective Shanghai local citizen additionally the spouse try a migrant, 45% try urban-husband-rural-spouse partners. To phrase it differently, when feminine which have Shanghai hukou get married migrants, they tend in order to marry metropolitan migrants, whereas men having Shanghai hukou exactly who wed migrant women often get married rural migrants. For the Shenzhen, it gender development are less obvious: 26% from migrant-husband-local-spouse lovers possess an urban wife and you may an outlying husband, whereas several% regarding local-husband-migrant-partner partners cover an urban partner and a rural partner. This type of findings advise that inside the Shanghai matrimony sector, one another hukou area and you may hukou sorts of structure intermarriage models, however in Shenzhen hukou kind of looks faster very important. It further helps our very own conclusions throughout the hukou burden being more powerful in the Shanghai compared to Shenzhen.
Second, we did a sensitivity analysis by excluding couples in which two spouses differ in both hukou locality and hukou type. In this way, intermarriages that cross hukou locality do not include any couples that might also engage in status exchange in terms of hukou type. The results (available upon request) are substantively the same. Hukou locality homogamy remains more pronounced in Shanghai than in Shenzhen (? Shenzhen*hukou homogamy =?0.42, p < 0.001).>shenzhen*(migrants: high school vs. less than high school) 1.11, p < 0.1).>
